A semiconductor fab is a factory built around a cleanroom. The mechanical work is enormous: central utility buildings, miles of process piping and air systems that hold particles, temperature and humidity in very tight limits. These projects run for years and employ large numbers of pipefitters, sheet metal workers and project staff.
A semiconductor plant, or fab, makes computer chips. The chips are so small that a speck of dust can ruin them, so the building is mostly a giant cleanroom wrapped in miles of ultra-clean process piping.
Huge volumes of filtered air move through the production floor to keep particles out, with tight temperature and humidity control.
Water is treated far beyond drinking quality and piped to the tools that rinse wafers.
Specialty gases and chemicals run in high-purity, often orbital-welded piping with leak detection and containment.
Separate exhaust systems handle acid, solvent and toxic fumes from the tools.
Makeup air handlers, recirculation air with fan filter units, and tight temperature and humidity control for ISO-classified cleanrooms.
Acid, solvent, ammonia and general exhaust systems with abatement, often in coated or stainless duct.
UPW generation and distribution in high-purity plastic or stainless piping, installed under strict cleanliness controls.
Process cooling water, chilled water plants, clean dry air, nitrogen and vacuum in a central utility building.
Bulk and specialty gas distribution in orbital-welded, high-purity tubing.
Industrial and acid waste collection and treatment.
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