Arenas and stadiums have to handle tens of thousands of people at once and then sit nearly empty. That means large air systems, plumbing sized for halftime, commercial kitchens and, in many arenas, an ice plant. Opening day is fixed, so the schedule drives everything.
An arena sits nearly empty most days and then fills with thousands of people in an hour. The mechanical system has to handle those sudden crowds, very large open spaces and, in many venues, an ice floor.
Ventilation and cooling ramp up quickly for events and back down when the building is empty.
Big air handlers and long-throw air delivery serve the seating bowl.
Restrooms and concessions must handle peak demand during intermissions.
Venues with hockey or skating run refrigeration plants and piping under the floor.
Large air handlers and smoke control for the seating bowl, concourses, suites and back-of-house spaces.
Central plants or district energy connections with chillers, boilers, and chilled and heating water distribution.
High-capacity domestic water and drainage for restrooms, concessions and locker rooms, plus grease waste and storm drainage.
Ice rink floors with brine or glycol piping and ammonia or CO2 refrigeration plants.
Gas, water and waste for kitchens and concessions, and kitchen exhaust.
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